Excitement among caracaras. Nine of them were flying over the area. They chased each other, landed on the ground and flew off, showed signals to mate. A group of adults and juveniles

This photo was taken in the Bolivian Chaco and shows an example of interspecific allopreening between a black vulture and a southern caracara. It is due to a mutual benefit - the black vulture's ability to smell the prey (absent in the caracara), which provides the caracara with food and the caracara's ability to vocalize (absent in the vulture), which warns the vulture about potential dangers. It is through allopreening that social coexistence would endure.